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Chapter 20

Collapse at the Center
1917 World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of the Global Power
1914-1970's 

The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914-1918 

 Since the 1500's Europe has been the on the global stage, all because of its growing capacity, the Scientific and industrial revolution. And by the 1900's Europe had control over the world. This created self confidence and superiority. The modern transformation in Europe was not caused by growing unity and stability among its people. There was obvious division was between the states.

There was an incident that occurred June 28th, 1914. This is when a Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the Austro- Hungarain throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand. A system of alliances intended to keep the peace created obligations that drew the Great Powers of Europe into a general war by early August 1914.

The Great War transformed international political life. After the collapse of German, Russian, and Austro-Hungarain empires emerged into a new map of Central Europe with an independent Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Yugoslavia. There was also new states but that was based on the principal of "national self-determination" a concept that was installed by the U.S. president Woodrow Wilson. Bolsheviks came to power in 1917 and took Russia out of war. The treaty of Versailles proved in retrospect to establish conditions that  did play a role in the second world war 20 years later. In the treaty Germany lost colonial empire and 15% of it's European territory. That were also required to pay the winners, their military forces were restricted and they were required to accept responsibility for the war.

Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan

 The Russian Revolution started in 1917. Between 1919 and 1945 the new political idea of fascism was found and it was expressed throughout Europe. Fascism condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism. These were all the characters that divided that nation. This method praised violence, and these people put their faith is a charismatic leader. The goal was to over throw the "weak" and make the nation strong. This is when the idea of the Nazi's and Hitler was introduced.

Italy, Germany and Japan were the three newcomers to great power status. Japan had limited experience with democratic politics. During the 1930's Japan moved toward authoritarian government and a denial of democracy at home. Japan moved more towards democratic politics and Western culture values in the 1920's

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